Like an outside museum, Rome is home to a wide range of architectural treasures visible on nearly every street corner. And if we had to select just one, then there is only this, the building that inspires countless dreams, and one that we always rediscover with such amazement: the Colosseum.
One of the Eternal City's most iconic monumental landmarks, it is certain to leave a lasting impression on anyone fortunate enough to witness it firsthand and pay it a personal visit.
Built in honour of the Flavian dynasty that constructed it, the arena was likely initially named before its name change to the Colosseum, possibly due to its proximity to the Colossus of Nero, a large bronze statue created nearby.
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The construction of the Colosseum began in 72 AD under the rule of Emperor Vespasian. His son, Emperor Titus, completed it in 80 AD with a grand opening ceremony that lasted for 100 days.
Built with impressive engineering and architectural skill, the Colosseum's intricate system of vaults and arched compartments creates a large, oval-shaped construction.
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What was the purpose of the Colosseum?
The arena was designed to hold naval battles, which were staged in a water-filled space. Additionally, the complex infrastructure beneath the arena was used to modify the set and deploy participants or animals onto the stage, such as fighters.
You could also visit the Colosseum to witness public executions. For any event that took place there, though, the seats were organised according to social standing, mirroring the all-pervasive social stratification of Roman society.
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In the first century AD, the Colosseum suffered significant damage, mainly due to several earthquakes, and was gradually disassembled when its building materials - travertine, brick, and concrete - were taken, some for use in the construction of other buildings in Rome.
During the Middle Ages, the amphitheatre served multiple functions, including the construction of a small church and a cemetery within the arena itself, and later as a fortified residence for noble families. The renowned amphitheatre also accommodated various shops and workshops.
During the last century, conservation efforts were implemented to protect the Colosseum as an important historical monument. Several restoration projects were undertaken, particularly to strengthen the structure and restore its original appearance.
Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1980, the Colosseum has become an iconic representation of ancient Rome's historical legacy, drawing millions of visitors annually.